PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.